3Īlthough the RIF aetiology is not completely established, variables such as maternal age, elevated BMI, immunological factors, sperm quality, uterine alterations and psychological conditions should be considered to direct treatment approaches. Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is a failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy in women under 40 years old after three or more consecutive transfer cycles of at least four good‐quality embryos. Some cases of RPL can benefit from assisted reproduction techniques, among them in vitro fertilization (IVF), an approach where fertilization is performed outside of the body and then the embryo is transferred to the uterus even so, the in vitro transfer can be unsuccessful. More recently, RPL was redefined as two or more spontaneous losses of clinical pregnancies before completing 22 weeks of gestation, affecting around 1%‐2% of women. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) was first defined by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists as three or more consecutive miscarriages before the twentieth week of pregnancy, excluding ectopic, molar and biochemical pregnancies. We find that although some authors recommend LET as an effective intervention, more studies are necessary to confirm its effectiveness in restoring NK cell activity to normal levels and to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of the lipids action in ameliorating the maternal environment and improving the pregnancy rate. In this review, we focus on the studies that conducted LET to treat patients with RPL and RIF with abnormal NK cell activity. However, the mechanisms by which the intralipid acts to reduce NK cell activity are still unclear. Currently, lipid emulsion therapy (LET) has emerged as a treatment for RPL and RIF in women with abnormal NK cell activity, by decreasing the exacerbated immune response of the maternal uterus and providing a more receptive environment for the embryo. Immunosuppressors or immunomodulators can help or prevent this condition. Exacerbation of the maternal immune response through increased NK cell activity and inflammatory cytokines can cause embryo rejection leading to abortion or embryo implantation failure. A risk-benefit assessment for the use of ILE should be implemented on a case-by-case basis.Altered immune and/or inflammatory response plays an important role in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and repeated implantation failure (RIF). As ILE is increasingly used for less severe cases of drug toxicity, clinicians should be aware of potential complications associated with its use. Three patients developed ARDS although temporally associated, a causal relationship between ILE and the development of ARDS cannot be clearly established.

Laboratory interference precluded one patient from being an organ donor. Two patients developed pancreatitis, and four patients had lipemia-induced interference of interpretation of laboratory studies, despite ultracentrifugation. A total of nine patients were treated with ILE during the study period, six of whom experienced potential complications as a result of the ILE. Subjects treated with ILE who did not develop at least one complication were excluded. Clinical definitions of these complications were defined a priori. Based on previously reported complications, we hypothesized that pancreatitis, ARDS, and lipemia-induced laboratory interference might occur. This study is a retrospective chart review of patients treated with ILE at two academic medical centers between 20.

The primary objective is to identify and describe the complications associated with the use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy as an antidote for lipophilic drug toxicity.

Lipid emulsion therapy